PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Kristin R. Landis-Piwowar
AU  - Thomas Loss
TI  - The Suppression and Promotion of Cancer: The Dichotomy of Tumor Immunology
AID  - 10.29074/ascls.28.1.38
DP  - 2015 Jan 01
TA  - American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science
PG  - 38--45
VI  - 28
IP  - 1
4099  - http://hwmaint.clsjournal.ascls.org/content/28/1/38.short
4100  - http://hwmaint.clsjournal.ascls.org/content/28/1/38.full
SO  - Clin Lab Sci2015 Jan 01; 28
AB  - Compare and contrast normal wound healing with invasive tumor growth.Detail the process of immunoediting.Correlate the inflammatory response used in wound healing with that seen in tumor tissue.Explain the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer.Identify the inflammatory molecules that promote cancer survival, genomic instability, and metastasis.A disruption in tissue homeostasis requires repair mechanisms that commence with acute inflammation. While this type of response is beneficial to the host tissue in short duration, as is the case with wound healing, numerous lines of evidence support a link between chronic inflammation and a predisposition for cancer development. In fact, neoplastic cells have been shown to arise in tissues that endure prolonged infection, irritation, or inflammation. Inflammatory molecules have also been implicated in conferring the oncogenic changes that both initiate and promote carcinogenesis. Moreover, as a tumor develops, the normal architecture of the primary tissue becomes disordered and further provokes an inflammatory response. The immune cells that infiltrate the tissue protect the body from cancer while simultaneously shaping the immunogenicity of tumor cells in an extensive and dynamic crosstalk between normal, primary tissue and cancer cells. Remarkably, tumor cells also possess the ability to promote an inflammatory response for survival. The role of inflammation in the tumor microenvironment is discussed.ABBREVIATIONS: BCL-XL - B-cell lymphoma-extra large, CCL22 – chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 22, CTL – cytotoxic T lymphocytes, ECM – extracellular matrix, EMT – epithelial mesenchymal transition, DAMPs - danger associated molecular patterns, HMGB1 – high mobility group B1, IFN – interferon, IL – interleukin, MALT - mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, MDSCs - Myeloid derived suppressor cells, MYC - myelocytomatosis viral oncogene, NF-kB - nuclear factor-kB, NK – natural killer, NSAIDS – nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, RNS – reactive nitrogen species, ROS – reactive oxygen species, STAT3 – signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, TGF – transforming growth factor, Tregs – regulatory T cells, TNF- α – tumor necrosis factor α, WBCs – white blood cells, VEGF – vascular endothelial growth factor.