Table 1.

List of non-ACS causes of elevated cardiac troponins

Potential Mechanism of Action
Imbalance of oxygen
supply and demand
Inflammation or edemaMultifactorial/unclear
List of causesMicrovascular CAD, Tachy-brady arrhythmias, aortic dissection, hypertensive crisis, cardiomyopathy, acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, severe anemia, shock (septic, cardiogenic, or hypovolemic)Myocarditis, rhabdomyolysis, pericarditis, defibrillator-related injury, surgery, ablation, cardiac contusion, drug-induced cardiotoxicityInfiltrative diseases (amyloidosis, sarcoidosis), renal disease, acute neurological diseases (stroke, trauma), heart failure, stress cardiomyopathy, and vasculitis