Hypernatremia is biochemically defined by a blood sodium concentration ([Na+]) above the
normal reference range for the laboratory performing the test (typically> 145 mmol/L). The …

Hypernatremia results when the water content of body fluids is deficient compared with
sodium content. Hypernatremia can be the result of pure sodium excess but is usually …

Hyponatremia is a well-known disorder commonly faced by clinicians managing
neurologically ill patients. Neurological disorders are often associated with hyponatremia …

Severe hypernatremia is defined as serum sodium levels above 152 mEq/L, with a mortality
rate≥ 60%. 85-year-old gentleman was brought to the emergency room with altered level of …

Background Hypernatremia is known to have high mortality and morbidity in patients with
neurological disorders. However, in most studies, it is not clear whether hypernatremia …

Although the kidney is important in the development of hypernatremia, the primary target
organ is the brain. A number of medical conditions are commonly associated with …

Discussion The cause if hypernatremia can be separated into two main categories:
excessive salt load and lack of total body free water. Dividing patients into these two …

OBJECTIVE Hypernatremia is independently associated with increased mortality in critically
ill patients. Few studies have evaluated the impact of hypernatremia on early mortality in …

The term" tonicity," also called" effective osmolality," refers to the activity of solutes that do
not easily cross cell membranes (effective osmoles) and therefore determine the …

Objectives. Past studies have revealed that hypernatremia occurs primarily in infants with
diarrheal dehydration. With improved infant feeding practices and the advent of pediatric …