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Research ArticleEducation

Increasing Medical Laboratory Science Student Confidence in Phlebotomy Skills Through Simulation

Dana Vaughan, Mattie Brechbiel and Lilianne Nelson
American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science September 2026, DOI: https://doi.org/10.29074/ascls.2026003360
Dana Vaughan
Grand Valley State University
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  • For correspondence: vaughada{at}gvsu.edu
Mattie Brechbiel
Grand Valley State University
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Lilianne Nelson
Grand Valley State University
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  • Perceived student confidence pre- and postsimulation event. Given is a box-and-whisker plot of pre- and postsimulation survey responses in each domain. Data in the figure represent the mean of each item assessed in that domain.
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    Figure 1.

    Perceived student confidence pre- and postsimulation event. Given is a box-and-whisker plot of pre- and postsimulation survey responses in each domain. Data in the figure represent the mean of each item assessed in that domain.

Tables

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    • View popup
    Table 1.

    Survey questions as part of each domain for the pre- and postevent surveys

    Survey Questions in Each Domain
    Patient interactions
     Enter room and introduce self
     Explain what you are there for
     Ask patient to make a fist
     Ask patient to hold gauze
     Thank patient for cooperation
     Make eye contact and smile
    Phlebotomy skills
     Evaluate labels for proper tubes to draw
     Inspect arm
     Apply tourniquet
     Ensure all material is prepared for draw
     Clean area for venipuncture
     Anchor vein
     Clean smooth motion venipuncture
     Ensure tubes are in correct order of draw
     Remove tourniquet before needle
     Remove last tube before needle
     Place gauze over site
     Check site and apply bandage
     Clean up all materials
    Safety skills
     Wash or sanitize hands prior to performing phlebotomy
     Wash or sanitize hands after performing phlebotomy
     Wear gloves
     Check patient wristband
     Correctly label tubes
     Return bed rail
    • View popup
    Table 2.

    Monte Carlo P value estimates for the exact test for data sets within each domain

    DomainMonte Carlo P Value
    Estimate (1-sided)
    Patient interaction skills0.0183
    Phlebotomy skills0.0413
    Safety skills0.0408
    • View popup
    Table 3.

    Cronbach’s alpha and CIs for data sets within each domain

    DomainCronbach’s Alpha95% CI
    Patient interaction skills
     Pre-event survey0.710.50–0.93
     Postevent survey0.920.86–0.99
    Phlebotomy skills
     Pre-event survey0.850.73–0.97
     Postevent survey0.950.90–0.99
    Safety skills
     Pre-event survey0.870.77–0.97
     Postevent survey0.730.51–0.95
    • View popup
    Table 4.

    Perceptions of preparedness for clinicals: responses to the prompt, “Please rate how prepared you feel to perform phlebotomy in a clinical setting,” normalized into the percentage of participants

    Response CategoryPre-Event
    (n = 12), %
    Postevent
    (n = 10), %
    Shift, %
    Not at all prepared16.70.0−16.7
    Somewhat prepared33.340.0+6.7
    Moderately prepared41.730.0−11.7
    Very prepared8.330.0+21.7
    Extremely prepared0.00.00.0
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American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science: 38 (1)
American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science
Vol. 38, Issue 1
1 Jan 2025
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Increasing Medical Laboratory Science Student Confidence in Phlebotomy Skills Through Simulation
Dana Vaughan, Mattie Brechbiel, Lilianne Nelson
American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science Sep 2026, DOI: 10.29074/ascls.2026003360

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Increasing Medical Laboratory Science Student Confidence in Phlebotomy Skills Through Simulation
Dana Vaughan, Mattie Brechbiel, Lilianne Nelson
American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science Sep 2026, DOI: 10.29074/ascls.2026003360
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Keywords

  • GVSU - Grand Valley State University
  • MLS - medical laboratory science
  • PEARLS - Promoting Excellence and Reflective Learning in Simulation
  • SP - standardized patient
  • education
  • medical laboratory science
  • phlebotomy
  • patient simulation

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