<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><xml><records><record><source-app name="HighWire" version="7.x">Drupal-HighWire</source-app><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iwai, Naomi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steib, Catherine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marzo, Amanda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lerret, Nadine M.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Role of Hyperglycemia in CD4 T-Cell Survival and Differentiation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018-04-01 00:00:00</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52-58</style></pages><doi><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.29074/ascls.2018000331</style></doi><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><abstract><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The major driving force in the pathogenesis of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes is thought to be chronic and low-grade systemic inflammation. Immune cells are key players in the induction of this chronic inflammation; however, the type of immune cells and mechanisms underlying the rapidly progressing pathogenesis of this disease are unclear. Therefore, we examined whether hyperglycemia alters CD4 T-cell activation, differentiation, and survival. Dendritic cells and T cells were isolated from human peripheral blood and cultured with varying amounts of glucose. Using flow cytometry, we found dendritic cells primed in hyperglycemic conditions induced CD4 T cells to exhibit a more activated phenotype capable of mobilization. This was evident by upregulation of the adhesion molecule CD11a. Additionally, these activated CD4 T cells had a lower degree of proliferation and decreased expression of the apoptotic protein caspase-3 compared with CD4 T cells primed by dendritic cells stimulated with a physiological concentration of glucose. We conclude that hyperglycemia drives CD4 T cells toward an activated immunophenotype, which could be assessed via flow cytometry in the clinic to further stratify patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes and potentially predict those patients at highest risk for progression of the disease.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>