Demographics and bivariate analyses
| Variables | Total n (%) N = 1,000 | CKD1 Cases n (%) N = 500 | Controls: No CKD n (%) N = 500 | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | .75a | |||
| Male | 411 (41.1) | 208 (41.6) | 203 (40.6) | |
| Female | 589 (58.9) | 292 (58.4) | 297 (59.4) | |
| Race | .004*a | |||
| White | 787 (78.7) | 371 (74.2) | 416 (83.2) | |
| Black | 189 (18.9) | 118 (23.6) | 71 (14.2) | |
| Other | 24 (2.4) | 11 (2.2) | 13 (2.6) | |
| Ethnicity | <.001*a | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 212 (21.2) | 77 (15.4) | 135 (27.0) | |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 778 (77.8) | 420 (84.0) | 358 (71.6) | |
| Unknown | 10 (1.0) | 3 (0.6) | 7 (1.4) | |
| Smoking status | .06a | |||
| Yes | 198 (19.8) | 97 (19.4) | 101 (20.2) | |
| No | 636 (63.6) | 306 (61.2) | 323 (64.6) | |
| Unknown | 166 (16.6) | 97 (19.4) | 76 (15.2) | |
| History of diabetes | <.001*a | |||
| Yes | 287 (28.7) | 188 (37.6) | 99 (19.8) | |
| No | 713 (71.3) | 312 (62.4) | 401 (80.2) | |
| History of hypertension | <.001*a | |||
| Yes | 663 (66.3) | 412 (82.4) | 251 (50.2) | |
| No | 337 (33.7) | 88 (17.6) | 249 (49.8) | |
| History of comorbid diabetes and hypertension | <.001*a | |||
| Yes | 260 (26.0) | 174 (34.8) | 86 (17.2) | |
| No | 740 (74.0) | 326 (65.2) | 414 (82.8) | |
| Additional Variables | Total Mean (SD) | CKD Cases Mean (SD) | Controls: No CKD Mean (SD) | P Value |
| Age | 64.0 (16.5) | 68.4 (12.0) | 54.8 (17.1) | <.001*b |
| Median income by zip ($) | 78,588 (24,855) | 78,227 (24,030) | 78,950 (25,672) | .65b |
| BMI | 31.42 (8.01) | 31.50 (7.92) | 31.35 (8.11) | .77b |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 1.8 (2.2) | 2.6 (2.5) | 1.0 (1.5) | <.001*b |