Table 1.

Summary diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of case reports

Reference	Case #	ICI	# of Doses Before Symptoms	Autoimmune/Predisposition^{^a}	Treatment	Hgb Recovery^{^b}	Other irAE	ICI Restarted	Diagnosis^{^c}
Algaze et al¹⁹	1	Nivolumab	21	CLL	Methylprednisolone, prednisone, and folic acid	Complete	None Reported	Yes/no recurrence	No^{^d}
Chambers et al²⁹	1	Atezolizumab	29	None reported	Prednisone	Unknown	No	No	Yes
Dirven et al¹⁸	1	Nivolumab	1	CLL	Methylprednisolone	Complete	None reported	No	Yes
Dirven et al¹⁸	2	Nivolumab	3	CLL	Dexamethasone	Complete	Yes	No	Yes
Dutertre et al¹⁶	1	Atezolizumab	1	Yes	Methylprednisolone, prednisone, and rituximab	Unknown	None reported	Unknown	Yes
Fetter et al⁵	1	Nivolumab and ipilimumab	4	None reported	Prednisone	Complete	Yes	Yes^{^e}/recurrence	Yes
Fetter et al⁵	2	Pembrolizumab	2	None reported	Prednisone	Partial	Yes	No	Yes
Fukushima et al³⁰	1	Atezolizumab	3	No	Prednisone	Partial	Yes	No	Yes
Hasanov et al²³	1	Nivolumab	7	None reported	Prednisone and rituximab	Unknown	None reported	No	Yes
Jobson et al²⁰	1	Ipilimumab	2	CLL	Methylprednisolone, intravenous immune globulin, cyclophosphamide, and splenectomy	Complete	None reported	Yes/no recurrence	Yes^{^f}
Johnstone and Khan³¹	1	Pembrolizumab	13	None reported	Prednisone and folic acid	Complete	Yes	No	Yes
Khan et al¹⁴	1	Nivolumab and ipilimumab	2	Yes	Methylprednisolone & rituximab	Complete	None reported	Yes/recurrence	Yes
Khosla et al⁹	1	Atezolizumab	NR	None reported	Prednisone	Complete	None reported	No	Yes
Kong et al¹³	1	Nivolumab	5	Yes	Prednisone	Complete	None reported	No	Yes^{^g}
Ogawa et al²⁴	1	Pembrolizumab	1	None reported	Prednisone	No^{^h}	None reported	No	Yes^{^g}
Okawa et al³²	1	Pembrolizumab	1	None reported	Prednisone	Partial	Yes	Unknown	Yes
Olson et al³³	1	Nivolumab and ipilimumab	4	None reported	Prednisone and cyclosporine A	Complete	Yes	No	Yes
Ramos and Rovere²²	1	Ipilimumab	20	None reported	Prednisone	Unknown	No	Unknown	Yes
Robilliard et al³⁴	1	Pembrolizumab	4	No	Prednisone	Unknown	Yes	No	Yes
Shaikh et al³⁵	1	Nivolumab	39	None reported	Prednisone, vitamin B12, erythropoietin, and rituximab	Complete	None reported	No	Yes
Sun et al¹⁰	1	Pembrolizumab	1	None reported	Methylprednisolone and prednisone	Complete	None reported	Yes/no recurrence	Yes
	2	Pembrolizumab	1	None reported	Prednisone	Complete	Yes	Unknown	Yes
	3	Nivolumab and ipilimumab	2	None reported	Prednisone and intravenous immune globulin	Unknown	Yes	No	Yes
Tanios et al⁴	1	Nivolumab	24	None reported	Methylprednisolone	No^ⁱ	None reported	No	Yes
Tao et al²⁷	1	Penpulimab	2	None reported	Prednisone, intravenous immune globulin, and plasmapheresis	Partial	None reported	No	No
Tardy et al³⁶	1	Nivolumab	2	None reported	Prednisone	Partial	None reported	Yes/no recurrence	Yes
Williams and Aitchison³⁷	1	Pembrolizumab	34	None reported	Methylprednisolone	Complete	Yes	No	Yes
Younce et al²⁸	1	Atezolizumab	1	None reported	Prednisone, folic acid, darbepoetin, and iron sucrose	Partial	None reported	Yes/no recurrence	Yes
Yun et al⁸	1	Pembrolizumab	3	CLL	Prednisone, rituximab, and ibrutinib	Complete	None reported	No	Yes^{^f}
Zhang et al¹⁵	1	Pembrolizumab	1	Yes	Methylprednisolone and prednisone	Unknown	Yes	No	Yes

Note. AIHA, autoimmune hemolytic anemia; CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; Hgb, hemoglobin; HLH, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; irAE, immune-related adverse event; ITP, immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

↵a History of autoimmune/predisposition to developing.
↵b Complete hemoglobin recovery is defined as 0.0–1.0 g/dL relative to pretreatment hemoglobin, while partial hemoglobin recovery is characterized as 1.1–2.0 g/dL relative to pretreatment hemoglobin. Unknown recovery is recorded when data are missing, making interpretation impossible.
↵c The treating physician considers ICI the most likely etiology of AIHA.
↵d Physician was unable to exclude other possible causes of AIHA.
↵e This patient was rechallenged with 3 doses of pembrolizumab after developing nivolumab and ipilimumab–associated AIHA.
↵f Patient was diagnosed with exacerbated T-cell dysfunction in CLL causing AIHA.
↵g Patient was diagnosed with exacerbation of preexisting AIHA induced by ICI treatment.
↵h Patient died of other causes before recovery.
↵i Patient died because of bradycardia and cardiac arrest caused by anemia with a hemoglobin of 3 g/dL.