Table 2.

Meta-analysis theoretical VBG reference intervals for pH, pCO₂, and HCO₃⁻

VBG Parameter	Theoretical VBG Reference Interval (Meta-Analysis)
pH	7.32–7.42
pCO₂, mm Hg
Male	39–52
Female	36–49
$\text{[math]}$ , mmol/L	23–27

Source: Adapted from Ress et al.¹⁸ Abbreviations: HCO₃⁻, bicarbonate; pCO₂, partial pressure of CO₂; VBG, venous blood gas.