Fetal Fibronectin

Mary E Koenn

doi:10.29074/ascls.15.2.96

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Mary E Koenn, MS CLS(NCA)⇑
1. is Assistant Professor at the West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown WV

Address for correspondence: Mary E Koenn MS CLS(NCA), Medical Technology Program, West Virginia University, Room 2163C, PO Box 9211, Morgantown WV 26506-9211. (304) 293-1632, (304) 293-6249 (fax). MKoenn{at}hsc.wvu.edu

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this review paper are to: describe the fetal fibronectin assay, its purpose, and clinical significance; evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the fetal fibronectin test; describe the specimen collection and measurement of the fetal fibronectin test; and present the advantages and disadvantages of incorporating fetal fibronectin testing in routine prenatal care.

DATA SOURCES: Current literature.

DATA SYNTHESIS: Fibronectin proteins function in plasma and extracellular matrix in cell adhesion and migration. Recently, a fibronectin protein has been evaluated and proposed as a predictor of preterm delivery. A simple, qualitative assay detects this protein, fetal fibronectin, in cervicovaginal secretions of women who are at risk for or have symptoms of preterm delivery. The test is positive when there has been a rupture in the membranes attaching the fetus to the uterus, thus indicating pending preterm delivery. Sensitivity and specificity studies have been performed to evaluate its reliable prediction of preterm delivery.

CONCLUSION: Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity studies document that the fetal fibronectin test predicts preterm delivery. For symptomatic women, a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 86% was found.

ABBREVIATIONS: fFN = fetal fibronectin; PTD = preterm delivery.