Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Scheme for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of a clinical isolate using a miniaturized test kit approach.
- Figure 2.
Scheme for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of a clinical isolate using a standard automated biochemical approach.
- Figure 3.
Scheme for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of a clinical isolate using the MALDI-TOF approach.
- Figure 4.
Qualitative comparison of biochemical and growth-based approaches to identification. Cost per test includes materials and labor as estimated by studies cited and discussed in the text.
Tables
- Table 1.
Summary of biochemical approaches and techniques discussed Abbreviations: API, analytical profile index; AST, antimicrobial susceptibility testing; ID, identification; MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization; MS, mass spectrometry.
ApproachIsolation Required Growth Required for ID
Examples
Description of ApproachSingle-tube tests Yes Yes Christensen’s urea agar, Simmons’ citrate medium Each tube needed requires inoculation, 1 reaction per tube, may need 8–20 different tubes for identification Multitest tube systems Yes Yes Durham tube, Kligler’s iron agar, triple sugar iron agar, R-B media One inoculation per system, more than 1 reaction possible in each tube Rapid (spot) tests Yes No Catalase, oxidase, indole production Individual colony mixed with a reagent, reaction develops within seconds, based on preformed enzyme Multitest kits Yes Yes PathoTec, API, AuxoTab, Enterotube, Micro-Media Manual inoculation of trips or tubes containing small compartments of media, able to test for ≥8 reactions in each kit Automated growth-based systems Yes Yes Vitek, MicroScan, Phoenix, Sensititre Single inoculum device loaded onto small-to-large capacity machines, capable of ID and AST at the same time Mass spectrometry Yes/no No Vitek MS, MALDI Biotyper Single colony inoculated on plate, laser fragments cell into peptidic fragments, AST on separate automated instrument
Jump to section
- Article
- LEARNING OUTCOMES
- ABSTRACT
- INTRODUCTION
- DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF PLATE AND TUBE-BASED MEDIA FOR IDENTIFICATION
- IMPROVED EFFICIENCY THROUGH COMPUTATION AND MINIATURIZATION
- MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY WITH AUTOMATION
- A NEW PARADIGM IN CULTURE-BASED TESTING
- FUTURE APPLICATIONS AND PROSPECTS
- CONCLUSIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- References
- Figures & Data
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