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Research ArticleFocus: Interpreting the Complete Blood Count

A Methodical Approach to Interpreting the Red Blood Cell Parameters of the Complete Blood Count

Kathy Doig and Bei Zhang
American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science July 2017, 30 (3) 173-185; DOI: https://doi.org/10.29074/ascls.30.3.173
Kathy Doig
Professor Emeritus, Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics Program, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI
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  • For correspondence: doig@msu.edu
Bei Zhang
Teaching Specialist, Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics Program, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI
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  • Article
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Article Figures & Data

Figures

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  • Figure 1.
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    Figure 1.

    The equation for calculating the traditional Rule of Three is shown.

  • Figure 2.
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    Figure 2.

    The calculation of the second Rule of Three is presented.

  • Figure 3.
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    Figure 3.

    The calculation of the relative reticulocyte count by microscopic counting is shown.

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    Figure 4.

    The formula for calculating a CRC is shown.

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    Figure 5.

    The calculation of the RPI is shown.

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    Figure 6.

    The formula to calculate an absolute reticulocyte count is shown.

Tables

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    Table 1.

    Steps in the methodical interpretation of the red blood cell parameters of the CBC.

    1. Interpret the HB value relative to the appropriate reference interval.
    2. Interpret the MCV relative to the reference interval.
    3. Interpret the MCHC relative to the reference interval.
    4. Interpret the RDW relative to the reference interval.
    5. Examine the rbc morphology, if available, and correlate morphology with instrument parameters for consistency and quality purposes. Also review for additional diagnostic findings.
    6. As a final check on the numerical parameters, examine the RBC, HCT, MCH, and calculate the Rule of Three to ensure that the above interpretations are correct.
    7. Use related test results when available, particularly reticulocyte parameters, to verify CBC findings and add diagnostic information.
    8. Interpret the rbc parameters for diagnostic significance and correlate with results of wbc and plt parameters.
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    Table 2.

    CBC results for Case 1.

    ResultsUnitsReference Interval
    RBC3.3106/μL3.80-5.20
    HB7.5g/dL12.0-15.0
    HCT25%35-49
    MCV76fL80-100
    MCH22.7pg26.0-34.0
    MCHC30.0%32-36
    RDW17.5%11.5-14.5
    Relative reticulocyte count5.3%0.5-2.5
    MorphologyAnisocytosis, poikilocytosis, hypochromia, and microcytosis
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    Table 3.

    CBC results for Case 2.

    ResultsUnitsReference Interval
    RBC2.50106/μL4.20-6.00
    HB14.5g/dL13.5-18.0
    HCT27%40-54
    MCV108fL80-100
    MCH55.8pg26.0-34.0
    MCHC54%32-36
    RDW18.0%11.5-14.5
    Relative reticulocyte count1.10.5-2.5%
    MorphologyAnisocytosis, macrocytosis, and stomatocytes
    • View popup
    Table 4.

    CBC results on the saline replacement sample for Case 2

    ResultsUnitsReference Interval
    RBC2.50106/μL4.20-6.00
    HB8.7g/dL13.5-18.0
    HCT27%40-54
    MCV108fL80-100
    MCH34.8pg26.0-34.0
    MCHC32.2%32-36
    RDW17.8%11.5-14.5
    Relative reticulocyte count1.1%0.5-2.0
    MorphologyAnisocytosis, macrocytosis, and stomatocytes
    • View popup
    Table 5.

    CBC results for Case 3.

    ResultsUnitsReference Interval
    RBC1.50106/μL3.80-5.10
    HB9.5g/dL11.5-15.0
    HCT16.5%34-44
    MCV110fL80-100
    MCH63.3pg27.0-34.0
    MCHC57.6%32-36
    RDW16.0%11.7-15.0
    Relative reticulocyte count12.3%0.5-2.0
    Absolute reticulocyte count181.5103/μL20-115
    Immature reticulocyte fraction19.5%2.0-16.0
    MorphologySpherocytosis, slight anisocytosis, clumps of RBCs, and polychromasia
    • View popup
    Table 6.

    CBC results for Case 3 after warming the sample to 37°C for retesting.

    ResultsUnitsReference Interval
    RBC3.3106/μL3.80-5.10
    HB9.5g/dL11.5-15.0
    HCT29%34-44
    MCV93fL80-100
    MCH29pg27.0-34.0
    MCHC33%32-36
    RDW16.0%11.7-15.0
    Relative reticulocyte count5.5%0.5-2.0
    Absolute reticulocyte count181103/μL20-115
    Immature reticulocyte fraction19.5%2.0-16.0
    MorphologySpherocytosis, slight anisocytosis, and polychromasia
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American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science: 30 (3)
American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science
Vol. 30, Issue 3
Summer 2017
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A Methodical Approach to Interpreting the Red Blood Cell Parameters of the Complete Blood Count
Kathy Doig, Bei Zhang
American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science Jul 2017, 30 (3) 173-185; DOI: 10.29074/ascls.30.3.173

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A Methodical Approach to Interpreting the Red Blood Cell Parameters of the Complete Blood Count
Kathy Doig, Bei Zhang
American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science Jul 2017, 30 (3) 173-185; DOI: 10.29074/ascls.30.3.173
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  • The Rationale for a Methodical Approach to Interpreting the Complete Blood Count and Its Development
  • A Methodical Approach to Interpreting the Platelet Parameters of the Complete Blood Count
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Keywords

  • blood cell count
  • erythrocyte indices
  • erythrocytes
  • red cell indices
  • morphology

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