Antibiotics and Bacterial Mechanisms of Resistance

Article Figures & Data

Table 1.

Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance

Target Site	Movement Across Membrane	Other
Target site alteration	Intracellular efflux	Metabolic process circumvention
Target site protection	Decreased permeability	Antimicrobial requisition
Target site overproduction		Enzymatic alteration

Table 2.

Classification schemes of β-lactamase enzymes. Modified from Bush and Jacoby²³

Ambler Classification	A	B	C	D
β-lactamase	Penicillinase	Metallo β-lactamase	Cephalosporinase	Oxacillinase
Bush/Jacoby classification^{^*}	PC1, TEM, SHV, VEB, PER, PSE,CARB, RTG	IMP, VIM, NDM, IND, L1, CAU, GOB,FEZ	AmpC, ACT, CMY, FOX, MIR, CMY	OXA
Common phenotype	Extended-spectrum β-lactamases	Carbapenemases	Extendedspectrum β- lactamases	Carbapenemases